Risk Factors for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Mortality in Patients Admitted at the Lung Center of the Philippine: A Retrospective Cohort from 2000 to 2008
Keywords:
survival, lung cancer, risk factors, non-small cell lung cancerAbstract
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the survival and the risk factors associated with mortality of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a single institution.
Study Design and Setting: This was a retrospective cohort study involving patients with NSCLC admitted at the Lung Center of the Philippines (LCP) from 2000 to 2008.
Results: This study included 3,439 patients with NSCLC; 76% of whom were stage IIIB or higher at first admission. Survival time followed a generalized-gamma distribution with a median survival time of 121 days (25th and 75th percentile: 42 and 319 days, respectively). The patients diagnosed, received chemotherapy or radiotherapy at LCP was associated with higher survival. Poorer survival was observed among males, smokers, residents of the National Capital Region, patients with metastasis, previous surgery or radiotherapy elsewhere, and patients with pneumonia and COPD. The receipt of chemotherapy and diagnosis at an early stage showed the highest survival.
Conclusions: Among patients with NSCLC in this cohort, the median survival was four months. Receiving chemotherapy and diagnosis at an early stage yielded the highest probability of survival.
References
Cancer Philippines 2020 country profile, Jan 1 2020, WHO from www.who.int/ publications.
Morampudi S, Das N, Gowda A, Patil A. Estimation of lung cancer burden in Australia, the Philippines, and Singapore: an evaluation of disability adjusted life years. Cancer Biol Med 2017. Doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0030.
Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, et al. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. Lancet. 2018;391(10125):1023-1075.
Brustugun OT, Grønberg BH, Fjellbirkeland L, et al. Substantial nation-wide improvement in lung cancer relative survival in Norway from 2000 to 2016. Lung Cancer. 2018; 122:138-145.
Innos K, Oselin K, Laisaar T, et al. Patterns of survival and surgical treatment in lung cancer patients in Estonia by histologic type and stage, 1996-2016. Acta Oncol. 2019;58(11):1-8.
Nilssen Y, Strand TE, Fjellbirkeland L, et al. Lung cancer survival in Norway, 1997-2011: from nihilism to optimism. Eur Respir J. 2016;47(1):275-287.
Lofling L, Bahmanyar S, Kieler H, Lambed M, Wagenius G. Temporal trends in lung cancer survival: a population-based study. Acta Oncologica 2022, VOL. 61, NO. 5, 625-631.
Öna lÖ, KoÇer M, Eroglu HN, Yilmaz SD, Eroglu Î, Kardogan D. Survival analysis and factors affecting survival in patients who presented to the medical oncology unit with non-small cell lung cancer. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50: 1838-1850. doi:10.3906/sag-1912-205.
Musika W, Kamsa-Ard S, Jirapornkul, Santong C, Phunmance A. Lung cancer survival with current therapies and new targeted treatments: A comprehensive update from the Srinagarind Hospital-based Cancer registry from 2013 to 2017. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22: 2501-2507.
Islam MR, Hasan ATMK, Khatun N, Ridi IN, Rasheed MMO, Islam SMA, Karim MN. Demographic differentials of lung cancer survival in Bangladeshi patients. PLoS One. 2021 Dec 10;16(12): e0261238.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261238.eCollection 2021.PMID: 34890415.
Ngelangel CA, Wang EHM. Cancer and the Philippine Cancer Control Program. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2002; 32 (Suppl 1): 552-562.
Kleinbaum DG, Klien M. Survival analysis. A self-learning text. USA: Springer, 1996.
Fu XL, Zhu XZ, Shi DR, Xiu IZ, Wang LJ et al. Study of prognostic predictors for non-small cell lung cancer. Lung cancer 1999; 23: 143-152. Doi; 10.1016/s0169-5002(99)00009-4.
Ernster VL. Female lung cancer. Annu Rev Public Health 1996:17:97-114. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pu.17.050196.000525.
Tanoue LT. Women and Lung Cancer. Clin Chest Med. 2021 Sep;42(3):467-482. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2021.04.007
Ferlay J, Shin H-R, Bray F, et al. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 2010;127(12):2893-917.
Sun S, Schiller JH, Gazdar AF. Lung cancer in never smokers - a different disease. Nat Rev Cancer 2007 Oct;7(10):778-90.
Scagliotti GV, Longo M, Novello S. Nonsmall cell lung cancer in never smokers. Curr Opin Oncol 2009;21(2):99-104.
Subramanian J, Govindan R. Lung cancer in never smokers: a review. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(5):561-70.
Galvez-Nino M, Ruiz R, Pinto JA, et al. Roque K. Lung cancer in the young. Lung. 2020 Feb;198(1):195-200. doi: 10.1007/s00408-019-00294-5. Epub 2019 Nov 26.
Liu B, Quan X, Xu C, Lv J, Li C, Dong L, Liu M. Lung cancer in young adults aged 35 years or younger: A full-scale analysis and review. Journal of Cancer 2019; 10(15): 3553-3559. doi: 10.7150/jca.27490.
Roviaro GC, Varol F , Zannini P , Fascianella A, Pezzuoli G. Lung cancer in the young. Chest 1985;87(4):456-9. doi: 10.1378/chest.87.4.456.
DOI: 10.1378/chest.87.4.456.
Ruiz R, Galvez-Nino M, Roque K, Montes J, Nuñez M, Raez L, Sanchez-Gambetta S, Jau ́ regui S, Viale S, Smith ES, Pinto JA and Mas L (2022) Genomic landscape of lung cancer in the young. Front. Oncol. 12:910117. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.910117.
Shiels MS, Albanes, Virtamo J, Engels EA. Increased risk of lung cancer in men with tuberculosis in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (2011) 20 (4): 672-678. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965. EPI-10-1166.
Qin Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Xu K, Xu F, Shi J. The relationship between previous pulmonary tuberculosis and risk of lung cancer in the future.
Agents and Cancer (2022) 17:20 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-022-00434-2.
Xiong M, Xie S, Wang Y, Cai C, Sha W, Cui H, Ni J. The diagnosis interval infuences risk factors of mortality in patients with co-existent active tuberculosis and lung cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Pulmonary Medicine (2023) 23:382 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-023-02674-3.
Cabrera-Sanchez J, Cuba V, Vega V, et al. Lung cancer occurrence after an episode of tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta analysis. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31: 220025 [DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0025-2022].
Khu E, Morbini P, Cancellieri A, Damiani S, Cavazza A, Comin CE. Adenocarcinoma classification: patterns and prognosis. Pathologica 2018 Mar;110(1):5-11.
Travis WD, Brambilla E, Noguchi M, Nicholson AG et al. International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European respiratory society international multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2011 Feb;6(2):244-85. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318206a221.
Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, et al Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival: analysis of individual records for 37,513,025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers during 2000-2014 from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries (CONCORD-3). Lancet. 2018 March 17; 391(10125): 1023-1075. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33326-3.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Lung Center of the Philippines Scientific Proceedings
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The Lung Center of the Philippines Scientific Proceedings is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0) which allows sharing, copying, and redistributing the material in any medium or format, under strict terms of giving appropriate credit to the authors and this journal, and use for non-commercial purposes.
